In his epistle to the Romans, Paul introduces himself to
Christians residing in that city: “Paul, bond-servant of Jesus Christ, called
apostle, separated for the Gospel.” This Gospel was promised in Israel’s
scriptures and concerned God’s Son, “who came to be of the seed of David
according to the flesh, was marked off as the Son of God by power, according to a
Spirit of Holiness, by means of a resurrection out from among the dead” (Romans
1:1-4).
Christ’s resurrection from the dead is the irrefutable
proof of his messiahship and the validity of his Gospel message for all
nations.
The thematic statement of this letter is that the gospel
is God’s power “for salvation to everyone who believes,” whether Jew or
Gentiles. The message Paul preaches empowers individuals to receive salvation from
faith, not ethnicity or any deeds required by the Torah, the law of
Moses (Romans 1:16-17).
In this gospel, God’s “righteousness is being revealed
from faith for faith.” This translates a present tense verb, apokaluptetai,
meaning “reveal, disclose, unveil, uncover.” The present tense signifies action
in progress, ongoing action, and refers not to a singular past event but to an
ongoing process.
s the Gospel is proclaimed, God’s “righteousness,” His
faithfulness, is actively revealed as evidenced by Jews and Gentiles responding
in faith. Thus, there is a definite present aspect to the righteousness of God.
In contrast, and at the very same time, God’s “wrath” is
also “being revealed from heaven” against all “who possess the truth in
unrighteousness.” Paul contrasts the two processes; both occur in the present
age and are produced by gospel proclamation.
Anyone who embraces and submits to the gospel, Jew or
Gentile, is empowered for salvation. In contrast, “wrath” is at the same time
revealed against everyone who does not submit to the gospel and “opposes the
truth in unrighteousness.”
While elsewhere Paul links God’s “wrath” with final
judgment (Romans 2:5, 5:9, Ephesians 5:6, Colossians 3:6, 1 Thessalonians
1:10, 5:9). In this passage, he describes an aspect of God's wrath within
the present age, a process evidenced by the very sins embraced and practiced by
sinners who reject the gospel. In particular, Paul stresses the sin of idolatry
as the source that leads to the others; refusing to acknowledge God as God (Romans
1:19-32).
Because sinners “exchanged the glory of the incorruptible
God for the likenesses of corruptible man, birds, four-footed beasts and
reptiles, wherefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts unto
impurity.” They “exchanged the truth of God for falsehood and rendered worship
to the creature rather than to the Creator.”
God delivered fallen humanity over to the very sins for
which men and women lusted, even though they “acknowledged the righteous
sentence of God that they who practice such things are worthy of death, not
only are doing the same things but are even delighting together with them who
are practicing them.”
Humanity wallowing in idolatrous sin is a present
state-of-affairs and demonstrates that already the world order is under the
wrath of God. Humanity given over to an abundance of sin is a punishment from
God and evidence of the impending final judgment.
Fortunately, individuals living under this wrath do not
need to remain in that state if they respond in faith to the gospel.
Salvation and Wrath – Future Aspects
Since believers have already been “declared righteous
through his blood,” they “will be saved through him from the wrath (Romans
1:18, 2:5). Although believers have already been “set right” before God,
“salvation,” like “inheritance” and “promise,” remains a future reality.
If already we have been “reconciled unto God through the
death of his Son,” how much more “will we be saved by his life.” For though
“through one man,” Adam, “sin entered into the world and through sin death,”
much more they who the superabundance of the grace and the free gift of
righteousness do receive will reign through the one man, Jesus Christ” (Romans
5:9-21).
Just as “through one fault the sentence was to all men
for condemnation, so also through one recovery of righteousness the decree of
grace is unto all men for righteous acquittal unto life…and through the
obedience of the one,” Jesus Christ, “the many will be constituted righteous.”
Just as “sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign
through righteousness unto everlasting life through Jesus Christ.”
In this last paragraph, condemnation because of sin is in
the past for those who believe and right standing before God is a present
reality. However, final salvation and everlasting life are still to be received
in the future.
Just as sinners still await the final judgment of God, so
believers are waiting to receive final salvation at the resurrection from the
dead.
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